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Difference between revisions of “Voiceless postalveolar fricative”
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{{IPA symbol|ʃ|IPA phoneme /ʃ/|shoe /ʃuː/}} | {{IPA symbol|ʃ|IPA phoneme /ʃ/|shoe /ʃuː/}} | ||
{{IPA}} | |||
In [[Received Pronunciation]] and in [[General American]], the [[IPA]] [[phonetic symbol]] '''/ʃ/''' corresponds to the initial [[consonant]] sound in words like "shoe", and "she" and the final one in "push" and "fish". | In [[Received Pronunciation]] and in [[General American]], the [[IPA]] [[phonetic symbol]] '''/ʃ/''' corresponds to the initial [[consonant]] sound in words like "shoe", and "she" and the final one in "push" and "fish". | ||
/ʃ/ is an [[Voiced and unvoiced sounds|unvoiced]] consonant; its voiced counterpart is [[IPA phoneme /ʒ/]]. | |||
/ʃ/ is a fricative; its affricate counterpart is [[IPA phoneme /tʃ/]]. | |||
==Common words== | ==Common words== | ||
* | *with "sh": cash - crash - dish - establish - fashion - finish - fish - flash - fresh - push - relationship - shake - shall - shape - share - she - shift - shine - ship - shock - shoe - shoot - shop - short - should - shoulder - show - wash - wish | ||
* | *with "ss": | ||
* | :with "ssi": commission - depression - discussion - expression - impression - mission - professional - Russia - session | ||
: | :with "ssu": assure - issue - pressure - tissue | ||
: | *with "ti": | ||
: | :with "tio": action - assumption - condition - definition - education - function - generation - information - location - mention - nation - option - rational - station - tradition - variation | ||
* | :with "tia": essential - initial - initiative - partial - potential - substantial | ||
* | :with "tie": patience - patient | ||
* | *with "ci": efficient - musician - racial - special | ||
*with "ce": ocean | |||
*with "s": Asia /ˈeɪʃə/ ''or'' /ˈeɪʒə/ - sugar - sure | |||
*"x" as /kʃ/: anxious | *"x" as /kʃ/: anxious | ||
* | *with "ch": machine | ||
==/ʃ/ or /s/== | |||
*asso'''ci'''ate | |||
==Less common words== | ==Less common words== | ||
* | *with "sh": bush, shampoo | ||
*" | *with "si": controversial | ||
*"x" as /kʃ/: crucifixion | *with "ssi": aggression, obsession | ||
*with "sc": conscience, conscious, fascism | |||
*with "ci": delicious, electrician, malicious, politician | |||
*with "ce": ceta'''ce'''an, crustacean | |||
*"x" as /kʃ/: crucifixion, flexion | |||
In words of French origin /ʃ/ can be spelled "ch". | In words of French origin /ʃ/ can be spelled "ch". | ||
*brochure | *brochure, cache, champagne, chauffeur, chef, Chicago, moustache,{{brSp}} mustache,{{amSp}} parachute | ||
==Anticipated pronunciation difficulties depending on L1== | ==Anticipated pronunciation difficulties depending on L1== | ||
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While Spanish does have '''[[IPA phoneme /tʃ/|/tʃ/]]''', it doesn't have '''/ʃ/''', so there'll be a tendency to pronounce "shoes" as "choose", "shop" as "chop" and "sheet" as "cheat" (this latter example having another, [[Pronunciation exercises: /ɪ/ vs /iː/|notorious pronunciation difficulty...]]). Likewise, practice is needed with [[Pronunciation exercises: /ʒ/ vs /ʃ/|/ʒ/ vs /ʃ/]], as in pleasure, leisure, etc. | While Spanish does have '''[[IPA phoneme /tʃ/|/tʃ/]]''', it doesn't have '''/ʃ/''', so there'll be a tendency to pronounce "shoes" as "choose", "shop" as "chop" and "sheet" as "cheat" (this latter example having another, [[Pronunciation exercises: /ɪ/ vs /iː/|notorious pronunciation difficulty...]]). Likewise, practice is needed with [[Pronunciation exercises: /ʒ/ vs /ʃ/|/ʒ/ vs /ʃ/]], as in pleasure, leisure, etc. | ||
It is very difficult for Spanish speakers to pronounce the combination /ʃr/ | It is very difficult for Spanish speakers to pronounce the combination /ʃr/ as in "shrimp". In Spain the movie ''Shrek'' is pronounced [eʃ.ɾek] or even [etʃ.ɾek], and in Latin America it is pronounced [ʃ.ɾek] or [ʃe.ɾek], but most likely [tʃ.ɾek]. | ||
====Argentina==== | |||
Argentinians have the [ʃ] sound in their Spanish /ʝ/ phoneme, in words like "ayer" [aˈʃer] and "llamar" [ʃaˈmar]. They may confuse /ʃ/ and [[IPA phoneme /j/|/j/]] ("yes" pronounced as {{extraInformation|/ʃ{{e}}s/|Correct pronunciation is /j{{e}}s/}}). Many of them use [ʃ] for [[IPA phoneme /dʒ/]] ("jet" pronounced as {{extraInformation|/ʃ{{e}}t/|Correct pronunciation is /dʒ{{e}}t/}}). | |||
==See also== | ==See also== | ||
*[[Decoding exercises: "sh"]] | |||
*[[Decoding exercises: "sion"]] | |||
*[[Decoding exercises: "ss"]] | |||
*[[Pronunciation]] | *[[Pronunciation]] | ||
*[[Pronunciation exercises: /ʃ/ vs /tʃ/]] | *[[Pronunciation exercises: /ʃ/ vs /tʃ/]] | ||
*[[Pronunciation exercises: /ʒ/ vs /ʃ/]] | |||
*[[IPA phoneme /s/]] | *[[IPA phoneme /s/]] | ||
*[[IPA phoneme /ʒ/]] | *[[IPA phoneme /ʒ/]] | ||
==External links== | ==External links== | ||
Revision as of 21:10, 4 April 2019
Voiceless postalveolar fricative {{{1}}} In Received Pronunciation and in General American, the IPA phonetic symbol /ʃ/ corresponds to the initial consonant sound in words like "shoe", and "she" and the final one in "push" and "fish".
/ʃ/ is an unvoiced consonant; its voiced counterpart is IPA phoneme /ʒ/.
/ʃ/ is a fricative; its affricate counterpart is IPA phoneme /tʃ/.
Common words
- with "sh": cash - crash - dish - establish - fashion - finish - fish - flash - fresh - push - relationship - shake - shall - shape - share - she - shift - shine - ship - shock - shoe - shoot - shop - short - should - shoulder - show - wash - wish
- with "ss":
- with "ssi": commission - depression - discussion - expression - impression - mission - professional - Russia - session
- with "ssu": assure - issue - pressure - tissue
- with "ti":
- with "tio": action - assumption - condition - definition - education - function - generation - information - location - mention - nation - option - rational - station - tradition - variation
- with "tia": essential - initial - initiative - partial - potential - substantial
- with "tie": patience - patient
- with "ci": efficient - musician - racial - special
- with "ce": ocean
- with "s": Asia /ˈeɪʃə/ or /ˈeɪʒə/ - sugar - sure
- "x" as /kʃ/: anxious
- with "ch": machine
/ʃ/ or /s/
- associate
Less common words
- with "sh": bush, shampoo
- with "si": controversial
- with "ssi": aggression, obsession
- with "sc": conscience, conscious, fascism
- with "ci": delicious, electrician, malicious, politician
- with "ce": cetacean, crustacean
- "x" as /kʃ/: crucifixion, flexion
In words of French origin /ʃ/ can be spelled "ch".
Anticipated pronunciation difficulties depending on L1
Preconceived ideas and other interferences from L1 obviously interfere in many cases with how students perceive - and pronounce - sounds/words in English. The following sections aims to point out some of the most typical difficulties teachers and students may encounter regarding pronunciation.
Spanish
While Spanish does have /tʃ/, it doesn't have /ʃ/, so there'll be a tendency to pronounce "shoes" as "choose", "shop" as "chop" and "sheet" as "cheat" (this latter example having another, notorious pronunciation difficulty...). Likewise, practice is needed with /ʒ/ vs /ʃ/, as in pleasure, leisure, etc.
It is very difficult for Spanish speakers to pronounce the combination /ʃr/ as in "shrimp". In Spain the movie Shrek is pronounced [eʃ.ɾek] or even [etʃ.ɾek], and in Latin America it is pronounced [ʃ.ɾek] or [ʃe.ɾek], but most likely [tʃ.ɾek].
Argentina
Argentinians have the [ʃ] sound in their Spanish /ʝ/ phoneme, in words like "ayer" [aˈʃer] and "llamar" [ʃaˈmar]. They may confuse /ʃ/ and /j/ ("yes" pronounced as /ʃes/). Many of them use [ʃ] for IPA phoneme /dʒ/ ("jet" pronounced as /ʃet/).
See also
- Decoding exercises: "sh"
- Decoding exercises: "sion"
- Decoding exercises: "ss"
- Pronunciation
- Pronunciation exercises: /ʃ/ vs /tʃ/
- Pronunciation exercises: /ʒ/ vs /ʃ/
- IPA phoneme /s/
- IPA phoneme /ʒ/
