Difference between revisions of "IPA phoneme /ʃ/"
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| + | {{IPA symbol|ʃ|IPA phoneme /ʃ/|shoe /ʃuː/}} | ||
| + | {{IPA}} | ||
In [[Received Pronunciation]] and in [[General American]], the [[IPA]] [[phonetic symbol]] '''/ʃ/''' corresponds to the initial [[consonant]] sound in words like "shoe", and "she" and the final one in "push" and "fish". | In [[Received Pronunciation]] and in [[General American]], the [[IPA]] [[phonetic symbol]] '''/ʃ/''' corresponds to the initial [[consonant]] sound in words like "shoe", and "she" and the final one in "push" and "fish". | ||
| + | |||
| + | /ʃ/ is an [[Voiced and unvoiced sounds|unvoiced]] consonant; its voiced counterpart is [[IPA phoneme /ʒ/]]. | ||
| + | |||
| + | /ʃ/ is a fricative; its affricate counterpart is [[IPA phoneme /tʃ/]]. | ||
==Common words== | ==Common words== | ||
| − | + | *with "sh": cash - crash - dish - establish - fashion - finish - fish - flash - fresh - push - relationship - shake - shall - shape - share - she - shift - shine - ship - shock - shoe - shoot - shop - short - should - shoulder - show - wash - wish | |
| − | + | *with "ss": | |
| − | + | :with "ssi": commission - depression - discussion - expression - impression - mission - professional - Russia - session | |
| − | * | + | :with "ssu": assure - issue - pressure - tissue |
| − | " | + | *with "ti": |
| − | * | + | :with "tio": action - assumption - condition - definition - education - function - generation - information - location - mention - nation - option - rational - station - tradition - variation |
| + | :with "tia": essential - initial - initiative - partial - potential - substantial | ||
| + | :with "tie": patience - patient | ||
| + | *with "ci": efficient - musician - racial - special | ||
| + | *with "ce": ocean | ||
| + | *with "s": Asia /ˈeɪʃə/ ''or'' /ˈeɪʒə/ - sugar - sure | ||
| + | *"x" as /kʃ/: anxious | ||
| + | *with "ch": machine | ||
| + | |||
| + | ==/ʃ/ or /s/== | ||
| + | *asso'''ci'''ate | ||
| + | |||
| + | ==Less common words== | ||
| + | *with "sh": bush, shampoo | ||
| + | *with "si": controversial | ||
| + | *with "ssi": aggression, obsession | ||
| + | *with "sc": conscience, conscious, fascism | ||
| + | *with "ci": delicious, electrician, malicious, politician | ||
| + | *with "ce": ceta'''ce'''an, crustacean | ||
| + | *"x" as /kʃ/: crucifixion, flexion | ||
| + | In words of French origin /ʃ/ can be spelled "ch". | ||
| + | *brochure, cache, champagne, chauffeur, chef, Chicago, moustache,{{brSp}} mustache,{{amSp}} parachute | ||
==Anticipated pronunciation difficulties depending on L1== | ==Anticipated pronunciation difficulties depending on L1== | ||
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===Spanish=== | ===Spanish=== | ||
| − | While Spanish does have '''[[IPA | + | While Spanish does have '''[[IPA phoneme /tʃ/|/tʃ/]]''', it doesn't have '''/ʃ/''', so there'll be a tendency to pronounce "shoes" as "choose", "shop" as "chop" and "sheet" as "cheat" (this latter example having another, [[Pronunciation exercises: /ɪ/ vs /iː/|notorious pronunciation difficulty...]]). Likewise, practice is needed with [[Pronunciation exercises: /ʒ/ vs /ʃ/|/ʒ/ vs /ʃ/]], as in pleasure, leisure, etc. |
| + | |||
| + | It is very difficult for Spanish speakers to pronounce the combination /ʃr/ as in "shrimp". In Spain the movie ''Shrek'' is pronounced [eʃ.ɾek] or even [etʃ.ɾek], and in Latin America it is pronounced [ʃ.ɾek] or [ʃe.ɾek], but most likely [tʃ.ɾek]. | ||
| + | |||
| + | ====Argentina==== | ||
| + | Argentinians have the [ʃ] sound in their Spanish /ʝ/ phoneme, in words like "ayer" [aˈʃer] and "llamar" [ʃaˈmar]. They may confuse /ʃ/ and [[IPA phoneme /j/|/j/]] ("yes" pronounced as {{extraInformation|/ʃ{{e}}s/|Correct pronunciation is /j{{e}}s/}}). Many of them use [ʃ] for [[IPA phoneme /dʒ/]] ("jet" pronounced as {{extraInformation|/ʃ{{e}}t/|Correct pronunciation is /dʒ{{e}}t/}}). | ||
==See also== | ==See also== | ||
| − | + | *[[Decoding exercises: "sh"]] | |
| + | *[[Decoding exercises: "sion"]] | ||
| + | *[[Decoding exercises: "ss"]] | ||
*[[Pronunciation]] | *[[Pronunciation]] | ||
*[[Pronunciation exercises: /ʃ/ vs /tʃ/]] | *[[Pronunciation exercises: /ʃ/ vs /tʃ/]] | ||
| + | *[[Pronunciation exercises: /ʒ/ vs /ʃ/]] | ||
*[[IPA phoneme /s/]] | *[[IPA phoneme /s/]] | ||
*[[IPA phoneme /ʒ/]] | *[[IPA phoneme /ʒ/]] | ||
| − | |||
==External links== | ==External links== | ||
Revision as of 21:10, 4 April 2019
|
shoe /ʃuː/ |
| æ | ɑː | |
| trap | father - start | |
| e | eɪ | eə |
| dress | face | square |
| ɪ | iː | ɪə |
| kit | fleece | near |
| ɒ | əʊ | ɔː |
| lot | goat | taught |
| ʊ | uː | ʊə |
| foot | goose | mature |
| juː | jʊə | |
| cute | cure | |
| ʌ | ə | ɜː |
| strut | comma | nurse |
| aɪ | aʊ | ɔɪ |
| price | mouth | choice |
| Normal sound: /b, d, f, g, h, k, l, m, n, p, r, s, t, v, w, z/ | ||
| ʃ | tʃ | ŋ |
| show | church | sing |
| ʒ | dʒ | j |
| usual | judge | you |
| θ | ð | s |
| think | that | see |
| IPA | Stress |
|---|---|
| ˈ | Primary stress hotel /həʊˈtel/ |
| ˌ | Secondary stress understand /ˌʌndərˈstænd/ |
| IPA | Syllabification |
|---|---|
| . | nitrate /ˈnaɪ.treɪt/, night-rate /ˈnaɪt.reɪt/ |
In Received Pronunciation and in General American, the IPA phonetic symbol /ʃ/ corresponds to the initial consonant sound in words like "shoe", and "she" and the final one in "push" and "fish".
/ʃ/ is an unvoiced consonant; its voiced counterpart is IPA phoneme /ʒ/.
/ʃ/ is a fricative; its affricate counterpart is IPA phoneme /tʃ/.
Contents
Common words
- with "sh": cash - crash - dish - establish - fashion - finish - fish - flash - fresh - push - relationship - shake - shall - shape - share - she - shift - shine - ship - shock - shoe - shoot - shop - short - should - shoulder - show - wash - wish
- with "ss":
- with "ssi": commission - depression - discussion - expression - impression - mission - professional - Russia - session
- with "ssu": assure - issue - pressure - tissue
- with "ti":
- with "tio": action - assumption - condition - definition - education - function - generation - information - location - mention - nation - option - rational - station - tradition - variation
- with "tia": essential - initial - initiative - partial - potential - substantial
- with "tie": patience - patient
- with "ci": efficient - musician - racial - special
- with "ce": ocean
- with "s": Asia /ˈeɪʃə/ or /ˈeɪʒə/ - sugar - sure
- "x" as /kʃ/: anxious
- with "ch": machine
/ʃ/ or /s/
- associate
Less common words
- with "sh": bush, shampoo
- with "si": controversial
- with "ssi": aggression, obsession
- with "sc": conscience, conscious, fascism
- with "ci": delicious, electrician, malicious, politician
- with "ce": cetacean, crustacean
- "x" as /kʃ/: crucifixion, flexion
In words of French origin /ʃ/ can be spelled "ch".
Anticipated pronunciation difficulties depending on L1
Preconceived ideas and other interferences from L1 obviously interfere in many cases with how students perceive - and pronounce - sounds/words in English. The following sections aims to point out some of the most typical difficulties teachers and students may encounter regarding pronunciation.
Spanish
While Spanish does have /tʃ/, it doesn't have /ʃ/, so there'll be a tendency to pronounce "shoes" as "choose", "shop" as "chop" and "sheet" as "cheat" (this latter example having another, notorious pronunciation difficulty...). Likewise, practice is needed with /ʒ/ vs /ʃ/, as in pleasure, leisure, etc.
It is very difficult for Spanish speakers to pronounce the combination /ʃr/ as in "shrimp". In Spain the movie Shrek is pronounced [eʃ.ɾek] or even [etʃ.ɾek], and in Latin America it is pronounced [ʃ.ɾek] or [ʃe.ɾek], but most likely [tʃ.ɾek].
Argentina
Argentinians have the [ʃ] sound in their Spanish /ʝ/ phoneme, in words like "ayer" [aˈʃer] and "llamar" [ʃaˈmar]. They may confuse /ʃ/ and /j/ ("yes" pronounced as /ʃes/). Many of them use [ʃ] for IPA phoneme /dʒ/ ("jet" pronounced as /ʃet/).
See also
- Decoding exercises: "sh"
- Decoding exercises: "sion"
- Decoding exercises: "ss"
- Pronunciation
- Pronunciation exercises: /ʃ/ vs /tʃ/
- Pronunciation exercises: /ʒ/ vs /ʃ/
- IPA phoneme /s/
- IPA phoneme /ʒ/
