Adverbial clause

An adverbial clause (/ædvɜ:bɪəl klɔ:z/) is a dependent clause which is used as an adverbial.

A clause must have a subject and a predicate. An adverbial syntactically modifies other expressions, including verbs, adjectives, other adverbials (including adverbs), and sentences.

A conditional clause is a type of adverbial clause.

There are lots of examples here

Types

Adverbial clauses are divided into several groups according to the actions or senses of their conjunctions:

Type of clause	Covering	Common conjunctions	Function	Example
Time clause	time	Conjunctions answering the question "when?,” such as: when, before, after, since, while, as, as long as, till, until, etc.; or the paired (correlative) conjunctions: hardly…when, scarcely…when, barely…when, no sooner…than	Say when something happens by referring to a period or point of time, or to another event.	Her goldfish died when she was young. He came after night had fallen. We barely had gotten there when mighty Casey struck out.
conditional clause	condition	if, unless, lest, provided that	Talk about a possible or counterfactual situation and its consequences.	If they lose weight during an illness, they soon regain it afterwards.
purpose clause	purpose	in order to, so that, in order that, in case	Indicate the purpose of an action.	They had to take some of his land so that they could extend the churchyard.
reason clause	reason	because, since, as, given	Indicate the reason for something.	I couldn’t feel anger against him because I liked him too much.
concession clause	concession	although, though, while	Make two statements, one of which contrasts with the other or makes it seem surprising.	I used to read a lot although I don’t get much time for books now.
Place clause	place	Answering the question "where?": where, wherever, anywhere, everywhere, etc.	Talk about the location or position of something.	He said he was happy where he was.
Comparison clause	comparison	as…as, than, as	State comparison of a skill, size or amount, etc.	Johan can speak English as fluently as his teacher. She is a better cook than I.
Manner clause	manner	Answering the question, "how"?: as, like	Talk about someone’s behavior or the way something is done.	I was never allowed to do things as I wanted to do. He spent a lot of money as if he was very rich.
Result clause	results	so…that, such…that	Indicate the result(s) of an act or event.	My suitcase had become so damaged that the lid would not stay closed.
Consecutive clause	consecutive	so	In these clauses the conclusion or logical continuation of what has been said in the main sentence is stated.	Peter usually fantasizes a lot so you do not believe his stories. We did not make reservations on time, so we will not go to the representation.